COMMON PROBLEMS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
1. Sleep Problem- The most frequent sleep difficulty is wakefulness at night, which is most frequent between the ages of 1 and 4 years.
2. Temper Tantrum- The immediate cause is often unwitting reinforcement by excessive attention and inconsistent discipline on the part of the parents.
3. Pica- Pica is the eating of items generally regarded as inedible, for example soil, paint, and paper.
4. Sibling Rivalry- Children at this age are normally self-centered and may not understand why they have to share your attention. They may feel neglected or jealous and may regress in many of their behaviors.
5. Child Abuse- Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible sign, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse or child neglect, also leave deep, long lasting scars.
6. Hitting- is often a direct communication of frustration when a child is not getting his way. Young children often hit because they cannot speak the words to communicate their irritation.
7. Biting - Typically, this is a developmental teething issue and not behavioral. However, like hitting, it is an easy way for children who do not have verbal skills to express anger or frustration.
8. Taking Toys- Children under the age of three are still learning the basic concept of sharing. Children do not share their toys at home in an only-child situation, thereby making sharing in preschool a foreign concept to them.
9. Not Following Directions- Following directions is very difficult for children under two years of age as their main focus is to explore and sense the world around them. However, children over two years, while still curious, should understand boundaries and rules when told to do something.
10. Personal Aggression- Children who suck their thumb, grind their teeth, pull their teeth or rock or bang their heads include some of the negative habits that puts parents and other adults on edge.
SOCIAL PROBLEM
Working with Shy or Withdrawn Students
This digest focuses on the middle range of such students, who are commonly described as SHY (inhibited, lacking in confidence, socially anxious) or WITHDRAWN (unresponsive, uncommunicative, or daydreaming) and suggests strategies for working with these students.
Children's Peer Relationships
Children who are unable to form close or satisfying relationships with peers should be of concern to parents and teachers alike. For one thing, these children miss out on opportunities to learn social skills, skills needed to initiate and maintain social relationships and to resolve social conflicts, including communication, compromise, and tact.
Peer Conflicts in the Classroom
Traditionally, many adults have viewed conflicts between children as undesirable and have tried to prevent them or to intervene. Recent theory and research, however, suggest that peer conflict contributes to children's development and represents an important form of social interaction.
Bullying
Bullying can take many forms; racial discrimination and sexual harassment are examples of abuse students can face. Child rearing influences, the characteristics of the child, and factors of the environment are cited as possible reasons why children bully. Most bullying occurs in the school environment so how schools respond to such interactions impacts the school climate.
PHYSICAL PROBLEM
The area of physical development can be divided into two main areasGross Motor Development Fine Motor Development
There are also two areas, which can affect a child's ability to learn and may contribute to difficulty with physical tasks. These are:
Attention Skills
Sensory Integration
• Gross Motor Development
• Fine Motor Development
• Visual Motor Skills
• Grapho-Motor Skills
• Motor Planning
• Attention Skills
• Sensory Integration
Here are some examples:
• Touch - A child might be sensitive to the feel of objects against his skin. He might hate activities such as dress up, pretend play with makeup, or arts and craft activities that involve working with playdough or clay. A child who is overly sensitive to touch may overeact when touched even lightly on the shoulder by a teach or a friend. A child who is underly sensitive may have no reaction if he falls or hurts himself.
• Smell - A child might react strongly to unusual or strong smells or not seem to notice even unusual smells such as food burning or gas leaking.
• Taste - Some children are particularly sensitive to the taste of different foods.
• Sight - Strong lights or certain types of colors may bother a child.
• Hearing - A child may be disturbed by sudden or loud noises.
• Position in Space - Some children have difficulty evaluating how much space is needed to reach a certain item. This would include putting a pegboard down on the table without tipping it over, judging if there is room for a child to crawl underneath a jungle gym and sitting down on the center of the chair. A child who seems to eternally "miss the chair" when sitting down may be having difficulty in this area.
• Movement - an overly sensitive child may fear climbing on a jungle gym, and have difficulty with gross motor activities. An underly sensitive child may be fidgety, jump on the couch all afternoon, and have difficulty sitting down to do table activities such as a puzzle.
EMOTIONAL PROBLEM
1. Childhood bipolar disorder- This childhood emotional problem can be hard to diagnose, because its symptoms are also symptoms of many other childhood emotional problems.
2. Childhood depression- This childhood emotional problem is considered serious, but it can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are not unique.
3. Autism- These autism behaviors include trouble interacting socially, obsessive and competitive behavior and difficulty with nonverbal and verbal communication.
4. Childhood schizophrenia- This emotional disorder often affects a child's ability to develop normal social, educational and emotional skills and habits.
5. Tourette syndrome- This emotional problem is also considered a neurological disorder.
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