Final Exam ECED 13

Case Study

   

SECTION A. PERSONAL DATA

CHILD

                Name:                                Darielle Briquillo

                Age:                                   6

                Sex:                                   Female

                Date of Birth:                   August 14, 2004

                Place of birth:                   Caloocan City

                Birth Order:                      3rd

                Total no. of siblings:         2

                Name of her siblings:       Darwin (17 yrs. Old) and Darryl (10 yrs.old)

MOTHER

                Name:                                Esperanza Briquillo

                Age:                                   35

                Citizenship:                        Filipino

                Religion:                            Catholic

                Occupation:                       OFW

               

FATHER

                Name:                                 Henry Briquillo

    Age:                                    40

                Citizenship:                        Filipino

                Religion:                            Catholic

                Occupation:                       Carpenter

               

SECTION B. JOINING PROCESS

                The child referred by my parents. They are my neighborhood. It is easy for me to interview her family because I am attached to the child.

SECTION C. PRESENTING PROBLEM

My client named Darielle, she is six years old; grade I. I conducted the interview with her father and playmate.

Darielle came to a broken family. She is the youngest child among the three children of Henry and Esperanza. Her parents were separated when she was two years old. As of now she lives with her father and two brothers.

According to her father, Darielle is not so interested in studying. She always tend to absent in her class. As of now Darielle has difficulty in reading and speaking, she pronounced the letter R as L, and S as T; but in terms of writing she write legibly. She has a short attention span, when her father teach her to read she did not pay attention to him, if she don't like what her doing she will not take it seriously. Darielle is creative and perseverance in doing artworks like drawing and coloring. In terms of mathematics, she can add numbers 1-20 but she don't know how to subtract, multiply and divide.

According to her father, in terms of the attitude of the Darielle sometimes she shows temper tantrums. Every time her father getting angry to her or she did not get whatever she wants she will cry and shout " I hate you papa! I hate you!, I want to be my mama!" or sometimes she will stay at the corner alone to get the attention of her father.

According to her playmate, sometimes Darielle is generous she let her friends to borrow her toys but sometimes they cannot avoid to get angry with each other. She always bullied her playmate "kulot! kulot!", but when her playmate said "kawawa walang mama!", she will stop bullying.

 

SECTION D. PSYSHOSOCIAL HISTORY

                D1. TIMELINE

Time line is a graphical representation of a chronological sequence of events or things that happen over time.

According to her father, it was 2006 Darielle was two years old when her parents were separated. She lived with her mother and Lola Erline while her two brothers lived with her father. Although they are separated still he father have a communication to them especially to Darielle. In 2007, they celebrated her 3rd birthday together with her father. In 2008, they had a 1st reunion at Bicol, they lived there at least two months, this was also her first time to met her grandparents (father side). Unfortunately, when they go back in Manila her favorite Lola Erline was died. It's hard for her to accept that happened because she attached to her Lola Erline, she lived with her at least three to four years. Darielle starts schooling when she was five years old, then she lived with her father because her mother went abroad.


According to Darielle, 2010 was her happiest moment because she was christen, she worn a new dress, shoes and accessories; and she had a godparents.




                     D2. GENO GRAM

A  GENO GRAM is a graphic representation of the personalities and interplay of generations within a family, used to identify repetitive patterns of behavior.

This diagram shows the connection of Darielle to her grandparents, parents, and siblings. Her grandparents are Nicolas and Corazon (father side) and Agustin and Erline (motherside); her parents are Henry and Esperanza; her siblings are Darwin and Darryl.

The broken line means Darielle is not attached to that person while the person that has cross means dead.

                 D3. SOCIO GRAM

A sociogram is a socio metric diagram representing the pattern of relationships between individuals in a group, usually expressed in terms of which persons they prefer to associate with.

  

             AT HOME

Well-like most of each members of the family

 

In this diagram shows that Esperanza, Darryl and Darielle are most well like in the family.

Henry chooses Esperanza (wife), Darryl (son) and Darielle (daughter) as his likes in the family.

Esperanza chooses his three children (Darwin, Darryl and Darielle)

Darwin chooses Esperanza (mother), Darryl and Darielle (siblings)

Darryl chooses Henry (father), Esperanza (mother) and Darielle (sibling)

Darielle chooses Henry (father), Esperanza (mother) and Darryl (brother)

            Dislike of each members of the family

  

 

In this diagram shows that Darwin is the most dislike in the family

Henry choose Darwin, Esperanza choose Henry, Darwin choose Henry, Darryl choose Darwin, Darielle choose Darwin as dislike.

According to Darielle, she doesn’t like her brother (Darwin) because they are always fighting each other and “pinapalo sya”

According to her also, they doesn’t like Darielle because he is “pasaway” and there are always quarrel between her father and brother. As of now Darwin is runaway.

                    AT SCHOOL

             

             Well like of her classmates

In this diagram, shows that Jenny is the most well-like of her classmates.

 According to them (Paul, Karl, Althea, Draielle and Raymond), they like Jenny because she is kind, friendly and beautiful. Out of Nine classmates, two of them choose Darielle. 

According to Anthony, He chooses Darielle because Darielle is his cousin while Grace chooses Darielle because Darielle is her neighbor. 

According to the (Kevin, Raymond, Karl, Paul, Racquel, Jenny and Althea) they did not choose Darielle because "she is a teaser, she always want to bully but when we bully her she will cry immediately.

According to them also "Darielle is always telling a bad words".

D4-D6. PERSONALITY DYNAMICS

                   D4. SELF MASTERY

                               She knows that her parents were separated
                               She knows how to write her name
                               She knows the name of each member of the family
                               She knows the name of her school


                               She don't know her age
                               She don't know her birth date
                               She don't know where she lived



                   D5. RELATIONSHIPS

    

According to her father and also her although her parents were separated still she love her father and mother, she have a good relationship to them.

                
                   D6. ACTIONS

                                She is very good in writing

                                She loved to dance
                                She can add numbers 1-20
                                She can identify shapes and colors


                                She has difficulty in reading
                                She has difficulty in pronouncing the letter R and S
                                She has difficulty in subtracting, multiplying and dividing numbers

 SECTION E. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK


The concepts of communication speech and language are interrelated. Speech and language are the key components of communication. Basically communication takes place when both the sender and receiver of the message use common speech patterns and language. Difficulties in speech production and lack of language skills interfere with effective communication. "Speech is abnormal when it deviates so far from the speech of the other people that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or causes the speaker or his listener to feel distressed" (Van Riper). In determining whether or not a speech disorder exists, the person age, education and cultural background are taken into consideration. In the case of Darielle, at her age of six the child should be able to read a word a simple sentence properly. It is not natural for a child at her age to pronounced a letter R as L and S as T.  There are speech related problem that cause ineffective communication like problems in voice, articulation and fluency. Darielle is in line into articulation disorder, she has errors in the formation of speech sounds. There are four basic errors of articulation: omission (see for seen), substitution (wip for lip), distortion (talt for salt) and addition of extra sounds (buhrown for brown). We can classify Darielle as distortion because she has difficulty in pronouncing the letter R and S. In this problem of Darielle, if it is persist for a long period of time, referral to a speech specialist should be made to her.


People learn through observing others behavior, attitude and outcomes of these behaviors, (Social Learning Theory: Albert Bandura). In this concept most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action. From this concept, we can say that the problem of Darielle in telling a bad words is observed to her father. This attitude is commonly performed by her father every time he gets angry, so Darielle in her age she did not understand the meaning of that bad words, she thinks that telling that words as she observed can help to release the angry of a person, so whenever the child gets angry she imitates what her fathers behavior.


Regarding on the positive behavior of Darielle in Multiple Intelligence by Howard Gardner. She is in line in Visual-Spatial Intelligence-is the ability to perceive and mentally manipulate a form or object, perceive and create tension, balance and composition in a visual or spatial display. In the case of Darielle She is Visual-Spatial Intelligence because at her young age she is fond of doodling and drawing. She spend most of her time in holding a pencil like in drawing she can't draw perfectly but you will recognize her sketch.




SECTION F. PROGNOSIS


The period of childhood is very important to development. The foundations laid during this period determine the directions development will take during the succeeding periods and he adjustments that the child will capable of in later life.


As I observed Darielle, she is the most affected in the separation of her parents, because at the age of two she experienced being far away from her father. She is only guided by her grandmother because her mother is working to support her needs.


In the case of Darielle in terms of reading and pronunciation of letter R and S, she is not guided by her parents because until now she can't read a sentence very well. When the child mispronounced the word, they are not correcting the child instead they laugh to her and said "Ang tanda tanda mo na bulol ka pa rin". When I asked Darielle to say "salt" she said "talt". When I asked the child again to re[eat what I've said she did not respond anymore. In that case she did not want to be corrected by an adult, because she did not pay attention to me. The accepting of mistake or being corrected is not build to the child.


It is natural for a child to show a mistaken behavior but if it is done repeatedly the parents should alarm. In the problem of Darielle in terms of showing temper tantrums repeatedly can cause of being spoiled, because the attention is focus to her especially she is the youngest and the only girl.  She gets whatever she wants. In telling a bad words can cause of the behavior of her father, because when I conducting the interview her father is always saying a bad words every time she gets angry to the child , so may be Darielle can acquire this behavior to her father.




SECTION G. THERAPEUTIC PLAN

          6.1 KNOWLEDGE BUILDING

                At the end of the case study my client child have to continue develop on her self-mastery.

          6.2 SKILLS BUILDING

                At the end  the case study my client child start to build fluency in reading and pronouncing letter R and S properly.

          6.3 ATTITUDE BUILDING

                At the end the case study my client child starts to build her values such as being polite, friendly and kind.

               


SECTION H.THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION

OBJECTIVES	ACTIVITIES	DATE/SCHEDULE
At the end of the case study my client child have to continue develop on her self-mastery.	The child will complete her profile/ personal information My name is _____. I’m_____    yrs old. I’m in_____. My birth date is_____. II study at_____. My parents name is_____. My teacher is_____.	March 12, 2011 (Saturday) 3:00 PM-4:00 PM
At the end  the case study my client child start to build fluency in reading and pronouncing letter R and S properly.	I will ask my client to read a short story and some basic sight words.	March 13, 2011 (Sunday) 2:30 PM-4:00 PM
At the end the case study my client child starts to build her values such as being polite, friendly and kind.	I will provide different shapes with a written notes at the back of the shapes and I will ask the client to give the  star to whom she want to say thank you, Circle to whom she want to say sorry and Heart to whom she want to be her friend.	March 14, 2011 (Monday) 3:00 PM-4:00 PM

SECTION I. THERAPEUTIC PROGRESS

INTERVENTION	DATE/ SCHEDULE	PROGRESS
At the end of the case study my client child have to continue develop on her self-mastery.	March 12, 2011 (Saturday) 3:00 PM-4:00 PM	The child answered the questions with my guidance.
At the end  the case study my client child start to build fluency in reading and pronouncing letter R and S properly.	March 13, 2011 (Sunday) 2:30 PM-4:00 PM	The child answered some question about the story, and then repeats the basic sight words after me.
At the end the case study my client child starts to build her values such as being polite, friendly and kind.	March 14, 2011 (Monday) 3:00 PM-4:00 PM	The child has an idea about the meaning of the written notes in each shape.

SECTION J. THERAPEUTIC RESULT

On the first day I conduct an interview, I found out that the child has a lack of self-mastery; she has difficulty in reading and pronouncing letter R and S properly; and she don’t like by her classmates and neighbors.

On the other day, I asked the father of the child to do some activities and encourage the child to cooperate. Fortunately, when we begin the activity the child was interested to do the task. Based on the first activity my client child developed her self-mastery because on the first day I conduct an interview, she has few information about herself. When I asked her to complete her profile, it takes time before she accomplished the activity but she can able to do the task with my guidance. She asked me to elaborate more every time she confused with the question.

In our second activity, I asked the child to read a short story and some basic sight words. Fortunately, when I asked her to read the selection I’ve got her attention and she follow my instruction. First, I read the selection then she repeat afterwards. I asked some question if she really understand the story like who is the main character in the story, the antagonist and the protagonist, the setting of the story. We spent more time in reading the basic sight words especially on the words that focuses on letter R and S. It takes a long period of time before we finished the activity because it’s really difficult for her to pronounce the words with Letter R and S, so when she read the words it makes another meaning. We read the words repeatedly; we cannot proceed to another word unless she pronounces the words properly.

Our last activity was the most she likes. She helped me to cut different shapes then I wrote notes in each shape. Star to whom she wants to say “thank you”, Circle to whom she wants to say “sorry”, and heart “to whom she want to be her friend”. At first she ashamed to gave this shapes to a person but with my encouragement she accomplished this activity. Unexpectedly, she gave the star to me, I’m surprised because she said “thank you for the time that you spent with me, you makes me happy because I enjoyed your activities”. She gave the circle to her father she said “sorry for the bad things I’ve done”. And lastly, she gave the star to Kulot-her playmate, she said “I want to be your friend; I will not tease you anymore.

SECTION K. SUMMARY/ CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATION

                   SUMMARY

My client named Darielle, she is six years old; grade I. Darielle came to a broken family. She is the youngest child among the three children of Henry and Esperanza. Her parents were separated when she was two years old. As of now she lives with her father and two brothers.

According to her father, Darielle is not so interested in studying; she has difficulty in reading and speaking, she pronounced the letter R as L, and S as T; in terms of her attitude she has a short attention span, if she don't like what her doing she will not take it seriously; sometimes she shows temper tantrums whenever she did not get whatever she wants because she spoiled by her grand mother; and according to her playmate, she is a teaser.

                  CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that the child is the most affected in the separation of her parents because that separation results of being not guided of Darielle.



                  RECOMMENDATION


I recommend to the parents of Darielle, they should pay attention to the child and guide her especially in her academic subject. They should focus to teach Darielle in reading especially to those words that is more on pronouncing letter R and S so that her fluency will build little by little. Her father should be careful in saying harsh words because Darielle is still in the stage of imitating the behavior of an adult.

SECTION L.  IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT OF YOUNG CHILDREN


I realized that it's difficult to conduct an interview to assess the behavior of a child because we have to gather information about the past as well as the present experience of the child. It also requires a lot of patience to understand them.


We all know that the child has different behavior so the guidance of an adult is needed. In order for them to acquire a good attitude or behavior we should be a good model for them. Sometimes the behavior of a child is depending on how they mold by their parents. If the child feel depress, isolated or experience anxiety they need love, care, and belongingness.

                        

Summary of Adlerian Therapy

Named after Alfred Adler, Adlerian theory primarily emphasizes birth order, individual life styles, social interests, and concepts pertaining to inferiority and superiority as principle components of personality. For Adler, psychological health is determined by the level of social contribution beneficial to the greater community. To the degree, that one integrates and furthers the social context, thus the measurement of his or her mental health. Social contribution is increased through the reduction of mistaken beliefs, which frequently lead to maladaptive feelings of inferiority or superiority. This goal of combating false beliefs is attained through an understanding of family constellations, early memories, and dreams.

For psychologists, translating the goals of Adlerian theory into a therapeutic process has resulted in an approach to counseling that varies widely among practitioners. These goals are to bring about an increased social interest, modify self-destructive behavior, and solve problems more efficiently. To reach these aspirations in a clinical setting, psychotherapy provides a choice to counselors as a base for identifying and addressing incorrect thoughts and belief patterns. This influence of psychotherapy owes its’ origin to Sigmund Freud, an indirect contributor to Adlerian therapy.

Initial sessions provide Adlerian therapists with an opportunity to observe and assess clients in order to gauge their family dynamics, present lifestyle, and early childhood experiences. These assessments may be formal or informal using questionnaires or direct inquiry. Further to this, therapists also rely on dreams and the interpretive meaning for the client’s current situation and struggles.

Several practical techniques are used in Adlerian Therapy.

Early recollection- a technique in which a person’s earliest memories are assumed to reveal the individuals primary interest in life.

Paradoxical Intention- therapist encourages their clients to exaggerate, practice, or performs the symptoms or behaviors or thoughts without guilt and allows clients to pause for a moment and consider other ways of responding.

Push Button- encourages realizing they have choices in responding or reacting to stimuli in their lives.

Acting as if- requests the client to presume the successful result of a not yet attempted action.

Spitting in the clients’ soup- the counselor to make certain behaviors less attractive to the client. Once a particular behavior is seen as repulsive, it is less likely to recur.

The Question- tests the client in order to identify the existence of a psychological problem through the use of deliberately constructed questions by the counselor. If the client makes a connection between the answer to the question and another problem altogether, the therapist then presumes the root of the illness is to avoid the problem connected by the client.

FUNCTIONS OF THE THERAPIST

Adlerian therapist often functions as educators who attempt to build on strengths the client already demonstrates. Encouragement is critical as the therapist work establishes and maintains an accepting, caring, cooperative relationship with the client. The work of the therapy is viewed as collaborative, where the client and the councilor are partners, working toward mutually agreed-upon and clearly identified goals. In short, Ad;lerian councilors energy is invested not in analysis, but in encouragement.

GOALS OF THE THERAPY

Adlerian Therapy seeks to decrease a sense of inferiority in clients and help them encase their social interest. By helping people to contribute, by altering faulty motivations that underlie even acceptable behavior, by encouraging equality, adlerians seek to change the lifestyles, the perceptions, and the goals of their clients.



Facilitators:

Guitang, Vanessa
Madarang, Karen Joice
Simpliciano, Kristal Joy
Roxas, Sonny Jay

Learning Circle Questions

(Angela Bembenuto)
INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIP
*What is the biggest problem that your family encountered and how your family overcomes with that problem?

The biggest problem that my family encountered when my father had a mild stroke, he stayed in the hospital with in three days. When he got home I felt pity to him because he cannot able to do things by his own. My mother was always on his side, guide him when he was eating, going to the CR, groom him etc. Then he cannot speak well, its hard to understand his words. He cannot tell our names, he has only pointing us, when my mother says our name. After 2-3 days among his five children, he doesn’t know me. He was asked my mother “whose that girl?” .That’s the hurtful thing happened to me. My father doesn’t know who I am. But according to the doctor that is one of the symptoms of having a stroke. My father had a therapy and we help our father to remember things. The only thing that we can do, we keep on praying to God, and help each other to overcome this problem. We are thankful because after a weeks little by little he gain weight and he recovered easily.

TRANSITIONAL DEVELOPMENT
*Are you ready to have a family in the near future? And we as a future parents also, what you are going to do to build a good relationship with in your children, are you going to establish a rules and regulations around your family?

I’m not yet ready to have a family but I will be happy if I have a family in the future, as parents to build a good relationship with in my children, I’m going to love, care, and guide my children through the right path. I will value and love them as how my parents loved us. They will grow up with w virtue in their hearts.
Yes! I’m going to establish also a rules and regulations around my family so that we know our limitations and the do’s and don’ts within our family.

(Jessica Flores)
FAMILY STRUCTURE
*How are you going to maintain good interaction within your family?

I’m going to maintain a good interaction within our family by having a daily communication, so that we are updated to each other. If there is a daily communication, each member of the family is comfortable to each other and we know what’s going on inside the house. If there is a problem I will talk to them right away so that we will find a solution, and I will not let the problem remain unsolved to the next day.

*Is it good to have a pattern of leadership and power manifest in the family?

Yes!It is good to have a pattern of leadership and power manifest in the family. leadership will come from the parents – either jointly together or from one parent. Thus, how the parent approaches his or her leadership responsibilities can have a great impact on the success and well-being of the family, because leadership in families helps to provide a common goal and this often leads to a happier, healthier family life. if there is no leadership the children could not survive and learned and they will not know who should they follow especially in the decisions inside the house.

INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES
*You as a future educator, how are you going to develop self esteem of your students?

School is one of the crucial places where self-esteem is constantly increased or decreased.As a future educators I think to develop the self esteem of my students first, I will listen to them. Whenever I engaged in any activity, I will listen and consider their words carefully, even if they are suggesting something off the wall. I will give the child earnest attention and consideration--even when I already know the answer is "no" so that they will develop the courage to make their voices heard as they move through life.

(Jocel Epino)
INTEGRATION PRACTICE
*What do you think is the reason why expertise, attitudes and as well as specific concepts are important categories for the family therapy practice?

Expertise, attitudes and as well as specific concepts are important categories for the family therapy practice because this elements are central to most theory of family therapy, and the practice of the family therapy can be based on synthesis of key principles across multiple models.

THERAPEUTIC CHANGE
*What is the difference between naturalistic change and therapeutic change?

Naturalistic change focus on the development narratives and information within the family often use the natural occurrence of change in relationship. While Therapeutic change focus solely on how change occurs in a family therapy session. It comes about through the interactional processes set off when a therapist intervenes actively and directivity in particular ways in a family system.